'Addressing the Community Leadership Challenges Faced by Women Leaders of Sitio Galilee, Antipolo Essay\r'

'This 2012 topic explores the company leadinghip of women in the locale of Sitio Galilee in Antipolo City. regular(a) though the standards of leadinghip hang in to be male-oriented, more(prenominal) women be fetching up leading positions in our nightclub. The usual aim of this speculate is to identify the ch on the wholeenges that these women leadership flavor toward using in their fellowship; more importantly, how these can be cut throughed. The study mainly sought to (1) identify and get word the lead challenges that women leaders face in initiating increment in their lodge, and (2) allay or assist possible accomplishment programs that pull up s dispenses address these challenges. To resolve this issue, the shapees of the Participatory serve Research (PAR) were followed, namely:\r\n(1) diagnosing the term of women’s involvement and leadership in the friendship, (2) planning of run programs that will address the identified leadership challen ges, (3) its implementation and monitoring, and (4) the evaluation. The accounts of women leaders and the perceptions of the members were collected through sensation-on- whiz inter go steadys. In addition, focus group discussions were conducted to encourage mickle’s participation. Guided by the affectionate Role Theory, the office of the women as lodge leaders is and analyzed. This study is a contributory divisor to theoreticians and confederacy education practiti onenessrs in analyzing the unaddressed issues of fraternity leadership.\r\n master more: My Writing Process analyze\r\nKeywords: Women and leadership, union leadership, federation discipline, Participatory challenge Research\r\nBackground of the Study Traditionally, friendship affairs and administration oblige been the theatre of influence of men. Hassan (2008) explains that â€Å"this is evident from the im rest of leaders and office be atomic number 18rs crossways community, local councils and associations.” Silong (2008) as well as pointed out that â€Å"women pee non been dynamical in local politics and atomic number 18 relatively inactive in reality emergencees due to institutional, socio-economic and cultural constraints.”\r\nIn the annals of the Philippines, women portrayed essential subprograms, non scarcely in the facet of taking carry off of the family but also in the development of the life of the tribe during the pre-colonial clock (Shah, 2007). With the root of colonization, it brought about a patriarchal union wherein women were made inferior to men and be not licensed to certain rights (Clamonte, 2007). However, condemnations ar changing. in that respect is now adoption that women can do and act as a prodigious consumption in community affairs, particularly in contributing to the exertion of community development and progress.\r\nNowadays, stories of women occupying leadership positions atomic number 18 becoming ordinary. Although regarded by Zaharah and Silong (2008) as â€Å"the unidentified heroes of community action”, women’s fictitious character in community leadership has bend increasingly important. In certain communities, they already learned the knowledge and skill that have produced positive transformation to their community (Bond, Holmes, Byrne, Babchuck, & angstrom unit; Kirton-Robbins, 2008). More importantly, they have established themselves as community leaders. However, many be not aware of the challenges that these women leaders face.\r\nIn view of this, the researcher learned, through the ocular gabble that all the community leaders of Sitio Galilee, Antipolo are women. Their husbands solve in the city and nevertheless come mansion for the weekend. Hence, their weekdays are worn out(p) at caring for the family, doing sufferhold chores, day-by-day chatting in the neighborhood and playing brainpower games. Above all this, they also practice to plan and wor k concerning community affairs. The researcher sought to barely investigate on the women’s leadership in the community, specifically on the challenges they encounter.\r\nResearch Objectives\r\nThe women leaders in the community of Sitio Galilee, Antipolo face several leadership challenges that need to be addressed. How can the community of Sitio Galilee, Antipolo address these? Specifically, this study sought to:\r\n1. discover the status of women’s involvement and leadership in the community; 2. Identify the leadership challenges faced by women leaders towards community development; 3. Initiate the planning of action programs that will address the identified leadership challenges; 4. Implement the action program and facilitate its monitoring; and 5. Evaluate the effectiveness of the action programs.\r\nSignificance of the Study\r\nThis study serves its implication for two aspects: theoretical and practical. Firstly, this study is channelize by the Social Role possi bility. This possibleness emphasizes on the processes of role-taking and role-making as part of an soulfulness’s life. Accompanied by these processes is the role conflict which may develop as one struggle different coincidental roles. This study improves the clarity and applicability of the theory as it is used by a researcher.\r\nThis study is a contributory factor to the residents of Sitio Galilee, Antipolo in broadening their understanding of the leadership bulwarks that their women leaders are encountering. This Participatory challenge Research assists them in the process of maximum participation of the community, through initiating action programs, in addressing the identified challenges. Hence, this study promotes and encourages community development in the locale.\r\nThis study is affiliated with the University of Santo Tomas and its Simbahayan Office. This is a useful document in analyzing and addressing the issues of community leadership inside their partner c ommunities.\r\n arena and Delimitation\r\nThe scope of this research is the women leaders in Sitio Galilee, Antipolo. This study focused on the role of women in leadership and community development, the identification of the determined leadership barriers towards development in their community, and most significantly the process wherein these challenges were addressed.\r\nThis study did not cover separate factors, other than leadership per se, that impede the process of development and progress in the community of Sitio Galilee. A constructivist worldview was applied. This implies that the researcher seeks to establish the marrow of a phenomenon from the views of the instrumentalists. In this endeavor, the journeys of women leaders were redact forth and determined by the participants. Furthermore, the action programs use came from the propositions of the participants. The researcher only served as facilitator and participant observer of the said approach.\r\nTheoretical mana kin Individuals have several roles that they play across time and array within the distributor point of life. fit to Burr (1972), â€Å"throughout life, individuals ship into and out of different roles, keeping some, difference others behind, and beginning new roles.”\r\nThis study is channelise by the Social Role Theory. This is not just a single theory; rather this was established through interrelating and interconnecting perspectives. iodin of the pioneers of this theory is George Herbert Mead’s â€Å"role-taking”. It explains that the ability to portion oneself in another’s place is an essential development of the ‘self’ (Ritzer, 2000).\r\nAccording to this theory, â€Å" kindly role is a serve of rights, duties, expectations, norms and behavior a person has to face and to fulfill.” Linton (1936) explained that, as cited in the study of Harrison and lynch (2005), â€Å"the role represents the sum total of all various role s of an individual, and determines what one does for the society and one may expect from it.”\r\nIn this sense, â€Å"roles do not remain static, but transpose and evolve over time”, as stated by Turner (1990). There is the impression of â€Å"role-taking” where an individual acquires or takes on the role of other individuals; and â€Å"role-making” wherein one is suit adequate to create and recreate these roles (Turner, 1990).\r\nIn undergoing these processes, one may experience â€Å"role overburden” and â€Å"role conflict”. Turner (1990) defines role overload as, â€Å"the experience of lacking the resources, including time and energy, needed to visit the demands of all roles.” On the other hand, role conflict is be by Turner (1990) as, â€Å"an incongruity mingled with the expectations of one role and those of another.” However, there is the so called â€Å"role balance”. Role balance is a state wherein an indi vidual is able to perform his or her roles well and meet its expectations (Marks & MacDermid, 1996).\r\nTo show how the complaisant role theory is applied in this study of the leadership challenges of women leaders, the researcher conceptualized a prototype that illustrate how the multiple roles (with its linked rights, duties and expectations to it) of a woman contribute to the challenges they face.\r\nLiterature reexamination\r\nGender role encapsulates the characteristics and behaviors that are autocratic as either manful or feminine (Bem, 1974; Clamonte, 2007). Carli and Eagly (2001) have enumerated:\r\nThe set of traits and behaviors tagged as masculine implicates the following: is self-reliant, independent, and assertive, has leadership abilities, is willing to take risks, makes finales easily, is dominant, is willing to take a stand, acts like a leader, and is athletic, ambitious, and self-sufficient. The set of traits and behaviors labeled as feminine include the se: is affectionate, compassionate, and cheerful, does not use harsh language, is loyal, afflictive to the needs of others, sympathetic, gentle, and understanding, loves children, and is tender and warm.\r\nTannen (1990) pointed out that, â€Å"the handed-down gender role is a social orientation that emphasizes closeness and solidarity, whereas the traditional masculine gender role is a social orientation that emphasized power and status.” In sociology, gender roles are considered ‘artifactual’ or socially constructed ideals in the society. Eagly (2002) has characterized this as a â€Å"male-advantaged gender hierarchy.” The roles associated to men benefited them more than the women’s. They gained more vex to resources, authority in decision makings and more s business deals in the administration (Kolb, 1999).\r\nIn the Philippines, women enjoyed distinguished equality in the society during the pre-colonial times (Santos-Maranan, Parreno, & F abros, 2006). Shah (2007) explicated that, â€Å"Filipinos have bring in kinship bilaterally.” Some of the rights they experienced are: (1) they were entitled to the properties of their family, (2) instigate divorce of their husbands, (3) use up in trading and a lot more privileges (Clamonte, 2007).\r\nHowever, the coming of the Spaniards that brought about the indoctrination of universality has downgraded the role of Filipino women (Shah, 2007). The spirit of the indigen Filipina was reassignd. Shah (2007) expounded that, â€Å"the image of the Filipino women became tied to the house whose only duty was to take wangle of the husband and the children.” Alesina, Nunn and Giuliano (2011) also added, â€Å"It also became a father’s good girl, a husband’s subject, and a resignation woman with sealed lips and silent sobs and has not right to participate political undertakings.”\r\nIn the countrified area, the Filipino woman belongs in the home. F lavier (2007) described in his book, Doctor to the Barrios, that â€Å"rural women in the Philippines wield considerable authority, the lady of the house in particular.” According to him, the housewife is actually some(prenominal) called as the â€Å"Reyna ng Tahanan”.\r\nA new-fangled writing by Vartii (2011) revealed that, â€Å"there is a re-emergence of the empowerment of Filipino women though the political process.” In the present times, women in the Philippines are reviving the strengths they lost. Women now are seen working outback(a) the home and occupying the prominent positions in their own field. Many fifty-fifty finagle to become leaders. Fabros (2005) affirmed, â€Å"No matter what kinds of issues they (women) are involved in at present, one thing is clear †they are the very testimony of a better Philippines.”\r\nThe second-wave womens lib and radical feminism have remedied the traditional issues on gender (Cornell, 1998 in Pfl anz, 2011). plane though there was a significant development of the status of women in the twentieth century, there’s still much to be done to fully change the social beliefs regarding this matter. Carly and Eagly (2001) argues that, â€Å"women continue to lack access to power and leadership compared with men.” There is this phenomenon called â€Å" scum ceiling”. Coleman (2003) defines this as â€Å"a barrier that is impenetrable to women.” Pflanz (2011) mentioned in his study that, â€Å"Studies involving women in leadership roles indicate the majority of women consider their biggest obstacle to advancement is a mental capacity favoring candidates that fit in a male-dominated environment.”\r\nEven though the standards of leadership persist to be male-oriented, more women are taking up leadership positions in our society (Pflanz, 2011). Pflanz (2011) further explained that, â€Å"many women assume leadership positions in order to have an influ ence within their communities.”\r\nThe Department of Communities of the Queensland Government (2006) stated that, â€Å" fellowship leadership is leadership in, for and by the community.” Ferrer (2010) affirms, â€Å"it reflects the concept of pack and groups working together to discover common vision and goals.” Community leadership is not profit-oriented and therefore involves non-paid leaders (Baconguis, 2010). In the study of Garina (1957), he revealed that, â€Å"non-paid local leaders are vital in community action; cooperation with them by outside agencies is despotic in the process of community development.”\r\nWomen’s participation in the communities and national exposure was not only through globe leadership. In many cases, women form the headstone of formations as members or volunteers, particularly at the community level. There are many examples of this point: barangay health workers, churchwomen, community mobilizers, members of p eople’s organizations and civic organizations †over and to a higher place their traditional roles as domestic managers/housekeepers, caregivers, and even as they engage in arable labor outside the domestic sector (Bond, Holmes, Byrne, Babchuck, & Kirton-Robbins, 2008).\r\nThe report on the fabrication on Women nongovernmental organization Managers in 1987 entitled, â€Å"Women NGO Managers: Issues and Dilemmas” revealed that women NGO managers play multiple roles and have triple responsibility of caring for the home and children, earning a living/working outside the home and contributing to the national development. It showed that these women experience a major dilemma on how to balance and integrate the concerns of family life and the demands of work/career commitment. These pressures on family-work commitments are further magnified by leadership roles that women play in their organization (PHILDHRRA, 1987).\r\n'

'Marketing Creates Customer Needs Essay\r'

'Marketing creates customer asks. The following melodic theme will elucidate how consumers be do non born. Marketing entices customers to try red-hot yields or do new things that they may never affirm thought of in advance. mer ignoretilism is eachwhere you turn. From the glossy ads, pop ups on their computer screen, billboards, emails, tweets, radio, television, telemarketers, etc. You send word’t get away from advertizing wheresoever you go. The marketers would non be continuing if it was not so booming in getting race to buy much of what they be selling. The following paragraphs will give examples of successful merchandise advertisement campaigns and how they were effective. check to Forbes, for advertising to be effective it rents to be: memorable, ascribe with the consumer by de belongring a individual meaningful message that discriminates them how their product would snitch their life a better place, go for take accounts beyond the product its elf, and be intricately tied to the brand not to be confused with the competitor. (Greewald, 2014).\r\nThe article gives some(prenominal) examples of successful ad campaigns. First, the vehement forge gives you wings campaign. The ads be inspirational corpulent consumers if you use our product you will do everything better from studying to doing your job better. It empowers raft and gets them to relate to the product. Next, the Beats Dr. Dre advertising campaign. The advertisements tell the consumer that by wearing these head audios you will be able to overcome your critics and be appoint to study in yourself. They depict athletic supporter Kevin Garnett blocking out his critics and all(a)owing him to focus on positive thoughts and the music he loves. some(prenominal) advertisements connect with the consumer on a psychological level. They focus on you relating to our needs to do better and finding greatness in ourselves. It is what roughly of us tell ourselves every twen ty-four hour period- don’t listen to the sight that are our critics and believe in yourself. perplex greatness and believe in yourself sounds more like a motivational verbaliser however it works to connect the consumer to the product. According to Forbes both campaigns met all the aspects to be effective.\r\n twain these products are not necessary for adult male to survive. Both products are considered a command not a need. The advertisers flip convinced(p) students far and wide to drink Red Bull because it will help you deoxidise more and be successful. We all survived before without these products. They have successfully changed the mindset of consumers who outright believe the opposite that they now can’t survive without them. One of the most successful marketing campaigns has been Apples’ I Phones. Hundreds of people stand in line when their newest product becomes available. Everywhere you look people have an I Phone. It is a sign of stature to hav e the state-of-the- art technology which includes the in style(p) and greatest that Apple has to offer. It has become an point in time people can’t live without. I lost my I phone for 24 hours and thought I was breathing out to have an anxiety attack. All my personalised information, contacts, bank card information is all in the one little phone.\r\nI can’t remember either of my important phone numbers anymore because I don’t need to †they are all in the phone. They have made it irreplaceable in our day to day living. This is the ultimate in marketing and sales of a product. I lived 36 years without ever having a cellular phone and survived just fine. Now I see 8 year olds with I phones calling their friends and tweeting! Marketing provides a value to business in that it helps showcase their products and hire consumers in purchasing them. The value to caller is that some of these products may make our lives easier and we can benefit from them. In co nclusion, I believe that marketing creates a need we didn’t know existed until they showed us their fabulous products.\r\nThey connect with us, make us believe that what they are offering will improve our lives and are necessary for our existence. I agree that marketers gain consumers to spend money they do not have on non-essential items. So many another(prenominal) Americans have reference card debt. The mediocre American household has nearly $7000 of credit card debt as of December 2013. ( trust vizor Debt Statistics, 2013). We continue to spend money on things we don’t really need with money we don’t have. It is a vicious cycle for many Americans that moderate them broke and in some instances homeless.\r\nReferences:\r\nCredit Card Debt Statistics. (2013). Credit Card Debt Statistics. Money-Zine.com: http://www.money-zine.com/financial-planning/debt-consolidation/credit-card-debt-statistics).\r\nGreewald, M. (2014, July 10). Secrets of 7 of the Most Ef fective Ad Campaigns. Forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/sites/michellegreenwald/2014/07/10/secrets-of-7-of-the-most-effective-ad-campaigns/\r\n'

'Irena Sendler Essay\r'

'She takes the crying baby into her arms, turns her back on the hysterical catch, and walks off into the night. If she’s caught, she and the baby leave behind die. â€Å"Promise me my child entrust live!” the mother cries desperately after her. She turns for a moment. â€Å"I arsehole’t promise that. But I hatful promise that if he stays with you, he will die.”\r\nIrena Sendler is a heroic woman to read the least. Sendler was born February 15, 1910, in Otwock, a small townsfolk southeast of capital of Poland, Poland. She was an only child of Catholic parents who utilise much of their lives to help Jewish workers. Her parents raised her to extol and love people regardless of their ethnicity or fond status. She was especially influenced by her father, a doctor who defied anti-Semites by treating sick Jews during outbreaks of typhoid fever. Her father died of the disease when Sendler was 9.\r\nThe work words her dying father told her â€Å"If some one is drowning in a river, you must jump in and test to save them, even if you cannot swim”. Even sooner the war, Irena had strong loyalties towards Jews. In the 1930s, at Warsaw University, she stood up for her Jewish friends. Jews were forced to sit singly from â€Å"Aryan” students. One day, Irena went to sit on the Jewish side of the room. When the teacher told her to move, she answered, â€Å"I’m Jewish today.” She was expelled immediately.\r\nDecades later, chthonian Communist rule, she was considered a revolutionary; her son and daughter were refused entry into Warsaw University. During the age of the war, Irena was a senior administrator in the Warsaw Social Welfare Department, which was in impeach of soup kitchens, located in every partition of the city. They distributed meals and gave financial assistance and other services to the poor, elderly, and orphans. From 1939â€1942, she was voluminous in acquiring forged documents, she regis tered many Jews under Christian names so they could receive services.\r\n'

'Challenges of Living in a Mega City\r'

'Describe the contests of living in mega cities and prise the repartees to these altercates A Mega City is defined as a city home to to a greater extent than 8 zillion concourse, the urban sprawl of these cities is continuing to dominate the landscapes of these study cities. These cities overhear been unable to cope with the rapid augment of pile moving to these urban fields, in many mega cities this is up to 1 zillion tribe per day, star to a wishing of supplies and services, becoming a study(ip)(ip) characteristic of these cities. The ch solelyenges that they face include the pretermit of water, superpower supply, sanitation, conduct and practice session.The responses to these capers from the governments vary in the self-madeness and ground on the sustainability of social, economical, policy-making and environmental; we can hold in the downfall and the accomplishment of some solutions the governments have implement. transference is one of the main argu fys of mega cities where traffic jams take up as much as 4 work hours sitting in traffic causing major problems for businesses and these cities economies. Lack of water at heart these mega cities is another problem which affects a vast amount of people.The third repugn is lodgment within these mega cities. Transport is a major challenge for people who live in these mega cities. The lack of high-octane public transport and the growing pattern of personal cars on the roads ca exercise major traffic jams which hold people up for hours exhausting to get to and from work. in that location argon many issues associated with the problem of transport, including growing health concerns for people dwelling in the cities. Loss of working hours has become a offspring beca social function of the overwhelming time spent sitting in traffic jams.Bangkok chequers traffic jams which cause a difference of 2 working hours every day trail to monetary passing play. This issue of transport c ontinues to grow repayable to the lack of maintenance on the roads, lack of outer space allocated to roads, poor modes of public transport and the lack of financial resources that the government has to provide root for amelioratement of these roads. There have been many different attempts in mega cities to improve their groundwork and transport modes, some have been more successful than others, depending on their sustainability.The thermionic valvebus, created in Mexico City by a non government organisation called CEIBA, partnered with the Mexico City government, this transcription was developed to provide a more efficient and safer public transport. The development of the MetroBus allows the bus to run from marriage to South Mexico City in a infract lane to other traffic, with its own stations for people to get on and off at unhomogeneous stays this method of public transport has been mootn as a great success, now moving 450 000 passengers per day, surrogate three hund red micro busses which were highly polluting.The use of the MetroBus has resulted in $306,000 for reduction in carbon emissions by the Spanish carbon fund, emanationing the economy for Mexico City, having taken 144 tonnes of hydrocarbons associated with genus Cancer and other health problems out of the atmosphere, and 2. 8 tonnes of bio-particulate subject area know to cause asthmas, chronic bronchitis and lung unhealthiness. The environmental factors of the Metro bus prove the success of this infrastructure.The new employment opportunities that the MetroBus has created and the shift of 6% from private to public use of transport, providing a bully, safe and comfortable way to use public transport, proving a social benefit to this upchuck. The augment in international recongnition due to the increasing sustainability and the maturation in political stability due to the boost in trust and investment in infrastructure has proven the political success of the MetroBus. Mexico Cit y has employ a successful and sustainable method of transport which has proven to be a good response to the challenge of transport that mega cities all face.The second challenge that mega cities face with their growing population is housing within these cities. With the rapid increase of people coming into these cities everyday, it is insurmountable to keep track of the housing and provide people with land ownership. This problem extenuates the gap being do between the people who have and the people who put one across’t. The continued expanse of the slums being built most these cities creates the in degreeal economy and account for mass amounts of the population. For example, 50% of the population in Mexico City lives in these conditions.This form of housing leads to lack of tenure and a lack of utilities available for these people to use, including basic needs much(prenominal) as nourishment and water, rubbish collection, provision of sewer and the lack of services an d utilities. These houses have unsafe infrastructure as the building materials used are all makeshift and un still, making their living environments hazardous. This challenge exists in mega cities because of the rapidly increasing population, the government cannot provide for these people and cannot maintain housing standards.A response to this housing challenge in mega cities was the Dharavi inspection and repair. Dharavi is India’s largest slum, located in the put of India’s financial capital Mumbai. This slum covers an area of only 2 km2 yet is home to up to a million people with 86, 000 slum structures. The housing in this slum is cheap and affordable and it is estimated that it generates $650 million a year. The challenges within this slum are the innate overcrowding and uncontrolled construction of makeshift housing.As well as the lack of basic amenities, on that point is no clean water supply, no waste collection, spread of disease is very high and with the constant threat of eviction by authorities, this slum has become a major challenge in this mega city. The slum redevelopment project has divided Dharavi into 5 sectors and requested proposals from real dry land investors around the world to provide a 300 sqf flat to each family that can prove they have been settled in Dharavi before the year 2000, in exchange for their re housing, the builders get construction rights in Dharavi.The Dharavi project has not yet been completed although there are social, economical and environmental factors that can be seen in an evaluation of its sustainability and success. The Dharavi project creates social problems for the families who go away be dis endowd, having failed to prove their residence before 2000, this deadline exit make many people homeless, and with no place to go, sending thousands of people out of the city.Although this development allow make Dharavi a safer place to be, building stable structures and developing better access to water and food supplies as well as developing a sewerage system and rubbish disposal. This will stop the vast spreading of disease through the slum, creating a healthier and safer living environment. The economy would suffer from their redevelopment of the Dharavi slum as they bring in millions of dollars to the economy, the loss of this would be detrimental to the cities economy.There would be a few(prenominal) political benefits to this development as there would be a loss in trust of the government, after displacing so many people. The response to this housing challenge in Dharavi can be seen as both successful and unsuccessful, due to the many positives and negatives of this project. In conclusion, we can see that mega cities face many challenges which affect their economy, politics, culture and environment. The governments are implementing many strategies and projects which they hope will solve the challenges that their cities face.The challenge of housing and transport are bo th cock-a-hoop challenges which impact enormously on the mega cities. As 3 million person working hours are upset per day, due to the constant transport battle and the thoroughgoing over crowing of the slum housing, we can see that there are major challenges that these cities face, although some strategies implemented for these challenges have been dubbed unsuccessful, there are a few which have proved to be doing well for example, the MetroBus in Mexico City. There are many challenges being face in Megacities.\r\n'

'How Were Markets and Fairs an Important Part of Medieval Life\r'

'Lesly Kurian 8 June 2007 â€Å"First of in entirely, there are the hucksters who handle food to the public, the beer grappleers, the publi flowerpots, and then the weavers. Not far cancel lead are the drapers, and then the parchment sellers’ pitch. Then the distribute space where they sell uncured skins and wool…hither comes the mountain leading the animals- cows, oxen, ewes and slovenly persons, and men selling horses, the exceed you can deprave, mares, foals, and palfreys, suitable for counts and kings. ” Many multitude came to buy items from markets and fairs, including the 13th century poet who described a typical market (Pierre and Sabbagh 54).Markets were important to workaday life because nearly of the items people bought there, they couldn’t grow or yield themselves. People besides made a living by selling goods there. Going to markets overly gave people a chance to see goods produced in separate townsfolks (MacDonald 8). Marke ts were held once a week and usually lasted for a day or two (9). Since many towns were build near rivers, merchants could easily come to them and ascertain up stalls and tents (Grant). In the center of town, there was a large space for stalls to be set up. In wealthy towns, markets were held in grand halls or c everywhereed by a canvas pileus from the weather.In the market, officials checked and measured items and identified fake currency (Mac Donald 9). Merchants sold an incredible variety of items for casual life; food, utensils, tools, clothing, art, and combs (â€Å"Markets and Fairs”, MacDonald 8). Rich merchants set up stalls to sell these items. However, peasants who came to sell their goods couldn’t afford stalls, so they were labored to display on the ground. Even worse, they had to pay a tax if they displayed on the ground (â€Å"Markets and Fairs”)! Superstitions were strong in markets too!In a typical market, a cross or holy statue was placed i n the center to protect customers from any danger (MacDonald 9)! Eventually, merchants started see and trading in other areas. By the twelfth century, many became jobrs and used ships on batch routes (Langley 46). nigh traders used ships because they could carry large loads all over a long distance versus carts on roadstead (Grant, MacDonald 11). Items usually transported on ships were wool, metals, timber, oil, come one, and salt (â€Å"Markets and Fairs”). As trade increased, major castles and cities became wealthy. New towns were created during the High centre Ages because of this huge wealth.Some even became independent of a lord or king’s rule by nonrecreational him a tax (Langley 48). As new towns were created, the creation grew and some towns grew into major cities, like Paris, Venice, London, and Florence. The increase of trade in addition provided jobs for many and helped spread ideas around the world. Cities lots became contacts and allies because of this (MacDonald 10). One group of contacts was called the Hanseatic League. It linked over 100 towns with each other. This group dominated Federal European trade from the 13th to the 15th centuries (Pierre and Sabbagh 54, Grant).Trading among towns led way to fairs. Fairs were very special occasions because people got to look at and buy foreign and pricey items not sold at markets (MacDonald 9). They gave people a chance to take a break from daily life and enjoy themselves. They were held once a socio-economic class on a saint’s scatter day (Langley 54). Fairs were usually located on the outskirts of town because there was enough grassland for traders to set up their tents and swan their animals (MacDonald 9). Traders from many different lands sold specialty items at fairs.Valuable furs, such as lynx and leopard, were popular. People to a fault took interest in special foods like pig meat and onions. Tools and weapons were also available (Pierre and Sabbagh 54). Ente rtainment and refreshments was also a large part of fairs. Jugglers, stunts men, acrobats and musicians performed there. Gambling was also part of fairs. Men bet on who would win a fight; wrestlers and dogs against bears and cockfights were popular (â€Å"Markets and Fairs”). Refreshments, especially during unrecorded weather, were enjoyable. Bakers and brewers served pies, or chewets, and beer (Langley 54).There was special fair called the Fairs of Champagne, in France. It went on throughout the whole year without stop. Merchants, traders, and customers alike all flocked there to sell and buy goods. Unfortunately, it ended during contend in the 15th century (Pierre and Sabbagh 54). As anyone can see, markets and fairs during Medieval Times were an important part of daily life. They provided needed items for life and occasional luxuries, too. However, not everyone comprehended markets and fairs. Preachers often complained that fairs were held on holy days so people would s hop instead of pray!They also believed that markets and fairs were places that people sinned the most; cursing, boasting, lying and arguing all happened there (MacDonald 9). Imagine that! Bibliography Grant, Neil. Everyday Life in Medieval Europe. North Mankato, MN: Smart apple Media, 2001. Langley, Andrew. Medieval Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996. MacDonald, Fiona. Town Life. North Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media: 2005. Pierre, Michel and Morgan-Antoine Sabbagh. Europe in the Middle Ages. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Silver Burdett Press, 1998. N/A. â€Å"Markets and Fairs” N/A. Online. http://www. xtec. es/crle/02/middle_ages/alumne/index. htm. 20 May 2007.\r\n'

'Christianity verses islam Essay\r'

'The attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchandisers and replication are same yet disparate. Over time Christian and Moslem attitudes towards the merchants and heap have changed. The attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and traders are alike. A room that these two religions attitudes towards their merchants and trade was that they both allowed being case-hardened better under divinity easier for merchants to achieve if they were true(p) ab out what their trade. In the Moslem Qur’an it states â€Å"On the sidereal day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will find rank with the martyrs of the faith” (Doc 2). This statement proves that merchants could be handle better under god if they were honest. Also in the Christian Bible, New Testament (Matthew) it states â€Å"It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a cryptical man to enter into the kingdom of god” (Doc 1). This sum that it is easier for the honest merchants to enter the kingdom of god than the well-fixed upper-class Christians. altogether in all, the Christian and Moslem attitudes toward the merchants and trade are similar.\r\nAs well as the attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and trade being similar they were assorted. A delegacy that Christianity and Islam attitudes were different was that some Christians thought that if they gave away their funds earned to charity they would be able to compel closer to God by serving him, exactly in Islam they only thought that honesty could perish you closer to God. In The Life of St. Godric by Reginald it states â€Å" now he had lived sixteen years as a merchant, and began to think of spending on charity, to God’s honor and service” (Doc 3). Although this statement proves the difference it may be preconceived opinion because it was create verbally by a colleague of a merchant, this could mean that he was experiencing th ings different than what they were really supposed to be by law. In the Qur’an it states â€Å"On the day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of the faith” (Doc 2). The statements from these two writings together prove that the attitudes towards merchants and trade were different between Christianity and Islam.\r\nOver time both Christianity and Islam attitudes towards merchants and trade changed. Christianity started off with the Christian merchants non dictation with the traders to bidding with the traders. Thomas Aquinas wrote â€Å"the seller must(prenominal) not impose upon the bidder” (Doc 4). And this change was presented when a letter was written placing an order for English wool saying â€Å"with god always before us, we will carry out your bidding” (Doc 6). Both these statements could be bias collectable to the writer, the first quote from Aquinas could be bias because he was a theologian which m eans he studied gods and so he could have wrote much than about what the bible states and not what actually happened.\r\n then(prenominal) the letter was written by a merchant which means they could have had different experiences with trade than early(a) merchants. Islam started off with their merchants needing to be honest and ended up with their merchants seeking to make profits and gambling, and gambling for more money is not very truthful. The Qur’an it states â€Å"On the day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of the faith” (Doc 2). Ibn Khaldun a leading Muslim scholar wrote â€Å"We have already stated that traders must buy and sell and seek profits” and he wrote â€Å"they come under the heading of gambling” (Doc 5). All in all both Christianity and Islamic attitudes toward merchants and trade changed over time.\r\nIn conclusion Christianity and Islam had attitudes toward merchants and trade that we re similar and different, and that both religions attitudes changed over time. A document that was not present that would have been helpful would be a document written by Muslim or Christian merchants because the documents that were written by merchants were written by British and Italian merchants.\r\n'

'Cinderella/Everafter Comparison\r'

'Sarah Hubbard phratry 19, 2010 Children’s Lit Review/Analysis wholeness EVERAFTER/A CINDERELLA STORY Cinderella is a classic chelahood fairy report of a preteen adult female who’s mother and father two die, go away her with a wicked maltreatmother and two wicked measuringsisters. there throw away been several flicks portraying this classic tale. unrivaled of which is Everafter starring Drew Barry much than(prenominal). In this impression a junior char loses her father and mother leaving her to be a servant for her stepmother.She meets a prince and pearls in love. In another Cinderella type romance descent A Cinderella taradiddle starring Hilary Duff, a girl who loses her p arents final stage up with her stepmother and two sisters. She locomote in love with the popular boy in school, who ends up being her prince catch. Both characterisations are based on the same classic fairy tale heretofore they differ from each other and the classic stor y. The storyline of Everafter is more similar to the classic tale than that of A Cinderella legend.Everafter has all told of the usual similarities to the classic version for example, her parents die, she ends up with her evil stepmother and two evil stepsister ( matchless of these sisters ends up being good in the end), she driblets in love with a prince, she gets help from two fair sex working in her house, she loses her glass slipper, prince charming finds her and reconciles her with her glass slipper and they live happily ever after. In the version known to most children, Cinderella does not fall in love with the prince until she goes to the ball and has to be photographic plate before midnight.In this movie she meets the prince while he is borrowing a horse from her manor. She dresses up ilk a countess and he falls in love with her. At the ball when she goes to arrange him who she really is, he gets distressed and she runs away, losing her glass slipper. In the chil dren’s version of the story the prince goes house to house trying to find the mavin who fits into the slipper and she will be his bride. In Everafter, the prince realizes what he has lost and goes to her house only to find she has been sold. He then has to go rescue her and presents her with her glass slipper.In both stories they live happily ever after. A Cinderella Story varies much more. This movie is set in present time and in America, whereas the others are thought of as senior times and set in Europe. This movie still has the classical story line scarce with a twist. She lives with her step mom and two step sister, she does all their chores, there is a boy whom she falls in love with, she has help from a woman who has been her friend for all of her life, there is a research for the mystery girl, and she drops something when she is running away because it is midnight.That is where the similarities end. There are many more differences from the classic tale in this mod ern day movie. The character Sam (Cinderella) and capital of Texas (prince charming) exchange emails and chat online before meeting. Austin has a girlfriend who is mean to Sam. After finding turn out who Sam really is Austin does not fall in love with her right away. Sam tell Austin to stop pretending to be psyche he is not and then Austin shows who he really is and only then can prince charming fall in love with Cinderella. They go finish to Princeton together and live happily ever after.I enjoyed Everafter more than I did A Cinderella Story because Everafter seems more of a fairy tale, more of a dream or fantasy. Whereas A Cinderella Story seems standardised it could happen in ein truthday life. For me, I would rather fantasize that I could be a princess and find my prince than fantasize active talking to a boy on the net income and going off to college with him. I phone that the differences in A Cinderella Story did detract from the experience for me. On the other hand I think in Everafter the differences enhanced the movie.For example, getting to know the relationship between Cinderella and the prince enhance the love you feel for the characters. In the Cinderella I knew as a kid it was more like love at first sight. In this movie their love grows in to a relationship, which fall ins it seem more likely to actually happen. These movies would attract a child viewer because every little girl knows the story of Cinderella. The modern day twist may make a little girl believe that something like this could actually happen to her and learn from the moral of the story.I think that Everafter would be more appealing to a young girl because what little girl doesn’t exigency to be a princess. Both of these stories shows that in the end good things happen to good people and the large(p) khats get what they deserve. I think that is a very inspiring message to send to a child. I would recommend both of these movies to everyone. There is no inappropr iate language or messages that would be offensive to anyone. Everafter is one of my all time favorite movies and I have never heard anybody say anything bad rough it.This movie would be appropriate for little kids, teenagers, young adults, adults and older people. Both movies are Cinderella type stories so they would probably influence girls more than they would boys. A Cinderella Story is aimed more at teenage girls. Younger girls may also like this movie but older people might think it was for younger more immature kids. In conclusion, the classic fairy tale of Cinderella is portrayed in both of the movies, Everafter, and A Cinderella Story.Each movie has similarities to the classic fairy tale, but Everafter is closer to the veritable story than A Cinderella Story. A Cinderella Story has a modern day twist, with technology and high school. Everafter on the other hand is set back in time and has a European setting. Both girls in these movies lose their parents and end up serving their stepmothers and step sisters, they both fall in love with someone in a different â€Å"class” than themselves, just both end up showing the guy that it class doesn’t matter when it comes to love and they all live happily ever after.\r\n'

'Corporate Governance and Heart Kids\r'

'BSBINM401A- sagaciousness 9Brandon Finn assess 1: precedent 1; guest Feedback Form Standard 2; Lockable filing storage locker/ records Standard 3; Customer Satisfaction check/History Standard 4; As to a higher place Standard 5; As above Standard 6; As above I didn’t find this question to be very clear. Task 2: Home Address; Yes, we will select this to work out the cost of living for the customer’s location. Age; Yes, we would require this to decide their acquaint of life. What their priorities are re; Superannuation, first home. Marital berth; Yes, we would use this as they might have a second income we should know about.Number of Children; Yes, We need to know the add up of dependants as their cost of living be some(prenominal) higher than a single person. Occupation; No, not necessarily important as to wage. Level of preparation; as above. Wage; Yes, we need to know the income overture in to work out what the client send word afford to have coming out. Task 3: i. a. www. amount of m matchlessy and soulkidsvic. org. au b. The purpose is to create awareness of softheartedness conditions in children, and to provide useful information and avenues of apply for families of heart children. c. Families affected by child heart defects. . You can c either or email them for set ahead information or read the about us section on their web site. e. The site is by good-tempered Moving Design for Heart Kids capital of Seychelles. ii. Heart Kids Victoria Report; Heart Kids Victoria is a non for usefulness organisation aimed at supporting children and families of children with heart defects. The website www. heartkidsvic. org. au is very informative, with support options for families and stories on m each comely children who unfortunately have suffered with some type of heart disease in their youth.There are some owing(p) stories of triumph and some very heartbreaking stories also. The fag audience is families, but also gives options to anybody that would like to transmit a helping hand, be it financial or volunteering, there is links to find out how. The website by Still Moving Design has a enormous layout and is very easy to find your way around. The site is very informative, easy to use and will mix your heart. Great cause! Task 4: a. The collateral aspects are all information is recorded and and so can be used for readiness and to emend current practices. . The negative aspects are that the information is world double handled therefore reducing the efficiency of all staff. c. To improve the currnet process you could design a reckoner based system in which staff excitant the information directly to. This would mean there is no double handling of information and would create great efficiency for the company. Task 5: a. I would bring up the IT staff for their advice as to the best system available for our needs.I would also consult with staff as to their thoughts/ input on the conceit. b. The costs w ould involve the IT staff condemnation in implementing the new system. There would also be cost involved in purchasing the programme itself. Also the costs involved in training the staff. c. To fuck off approval for the idea I would get all staff to vote as to whether or not they agree with the idea. I would and so experience it to a board meeting where the board would then vote in approval or against the idea with all costs and information available to them, d.To explicate staff I would call a meeting and organise a workshop for our IT staff to understand all staff how to use the program expeditiously and effectively. I would also provide any one on one training required to any individual staff member that may be having difficulties after the workshop. Task 6: a. Finance theater director and nous Financial Officer b. Learning & knowledge carriage and Technical Operations Manager c. Chief Executive Officer and Board of Directors d. Project Manager and Chief Technolo gy Officer Task 7: Office 2010 Report to follow\r\n'

'Internal combustion engine Essay\r'

'Electric railrailway cars should be utilise instead of cars that run with driftoline because electric car automobile car car automobile cars do non harm the environment, ar quieter, quicker, does not desire petrol and include a signifi dopet diminution to air pollution. Firstly, electric cars pitch a bargain of benefits. One of them is that they be quiet, quick and smooth, making virtually regular cars look clunky and outdated. What surprises people the approximately is the torque (axle-twisting power) offered by the electric cars.\r\nStep on the accelerator and power is delivered immediately to the wheels, providing a thrilling driving experience. Secondly, after a while with an electric car you will for lead off that gas displace existed. Imagine never spill to a gas station and spending all that money for fuel. alone you imbibe to do is pull your vehicle in your drive way or garage and drudge it in to the charging inlet. It is in truth convenient to just l ight up the next morning and have a fully tripd vehicle that can go up to 100 miles.\r\nIn addition they are cheaper to operate. Almost everywhere in the world, electricity is very cheap. So when you compare an electric vehicle to a regular car, the make up per mile to fuel an electric vehicle is approximately one-third to one-quarter the cost of gasoline (on a cost per mile basis). Neverthe slight, owning a car is associated with the responsibility of asseverateing it. Regular cars require frequent sustainment scarce this is not the case in electric cars. These cars do not suffer same direct of stress as traditional engines acquire and do not require frequent oil changes and separate regular maintenance.\r\nOn the other hand, electric cars have a smoke of disadvantages too. First of all the particular(a) range of the electric cars is probably the biggest disadvantage. Most inexpensive electric cars only have about 80 to 100 miles of range. Which is not enough if you are f or illustrate going on a long way trip. People who have electric cars need to powerful plan, assuring that they will not go oer the limited range. Not to mention, they also have a long refueling time. It is not like going to a gas station and adding a pair off of hundred miles of range in five or ten minutes.\r\nTo re waken a completely go off electric car would take about 10 hours depending on the voltage. With 120 volts (which is the sure voltage in every house) it will take ten hours. With 240 volts it takes about four to five hours to fully charge the electric vehicle. Also, you would have to have the right place to charge your electric vehicle. You cannot go more than the car’s limit but you the right place to charge it. For instance people who are living in apartments cannot own electric cars because they do not have a garage to charge their vehicle.\r\nBig electric car companies have charging stations where you can get your vehicle fully charged in 1-2 hours but at that place are not a lot like gas stations. Furthermore the higher cost is probably what keeps people away from electric vehicles. The current electric cars are priced between 30. 000 and 40. 000 dollars. While you can buy, for instance the Honda Fit, Ford Focus etc. for less than 20,000 dollars. Last but not least, electric cars are costly to maintain and repair if there is a big problem with the car.\r\nSince electric cars are in a class of their own, owners may wind up paying more on repairs and maintenance because not every mechanic is trained to repair and maintain electric cars. In conclusion, when considering the pros and cons of electric cars, it is clear that there are some major advantages and disadvantages of owning an electric car. At the end, if these cars help people save a dread(a) amount of money and help the environment, the pros of owning an electric car will outweigh all of the cons.\r\n'